电子游戏软件辩论

"And now the Forum at University Heights beckons alluringly to the embryo orators, the shadowy forms of 德摩斯梯尼 and 西塞罗 hover like guardian genii over the rostrum and seats where, 就像古罗马的元老们, the sages of succeeding generations will assemble to discuss the problems and shape the destiny of our country, 让过去的辉煌永存, and by their deeds to make the Fulton of the future a credit to its traditions, 致其创始人, and to the Mother under whose guidance it has reached its place of honor among debating societies of this country."
——1913年版的 子Turri (年鉴)

These words seem an appropriate tribute to the long and distinguished tradition of forensics at 电子游戏软件. 1863年该机构成立后不久, 一个“高级辩论协会”成立了. 罗伯特·富尔顿，S.J.,主持. Under this name the Society continued its work until 7 November 1890, 当, 按照牧师的建议行事. A. J. 马伦,年代.J., the Society voted to be known as the 富尔顿辩论协会 of 电子游戏软件. A seal was chosen, and a Fultonian was entrusted the work of engraving it. The design embodied "an eagle surmounting a scroll and a shield containing the portrait of Father Fulton, 上面有月桂花环, 卷轴底部的社团名称, the date of its foundation set in a rosette at the lower part of the wreath, and the space between the upper portion and the arms of the same filled by the motto 'Par Pari.'"

在早年, most of the Society's activities were debates conducted in a room reserved for members of the Society. Advocates were selected and each week they squared off with passionate dialogue. One of the most significant events of this era undoubtedly occurred in 1895, 当 the Fulton debated against Georgetown University in the College's first intercollegiate debate. 这种竞争, 法医学中最古老的一个, is reenacted each year 当 the Fultonians face Georgetown in tournament competition.

In 1913, 在学院搬迁到栗子山之后, the Fulton was honored with its own room in University Hall (now room 305 in Gasson大厅). 也许最重要的是, the front wall of the room was adorned with long columns to record the winners of the Fulton Prize Debate. In a prophetic statement about the future prosperity of the Society, the wall provided a place to acknowledge the winner of the Fulton Prize Debate up to the dawning of the twenty-second century. The ceiling was adorned with the words of great orators to "shed light" on the members of the Society. 一方面, 德摩斯梯尼, 西塞罗, 和韦伯斯特, in recognition of the civil; opposite them, 圣的名字. Paul, Bourdaloue, and Segneri, in recognition of the spiritual.

整个20世纪20年代, the Fulton continued to stage intra-Society debates on campus and to battle other institutions in public debates. The records of the Society reveal lists of opponents much like a modern day athletic schedule. 早期的对手包括福特汉姆大学, 康涅狄格农业学院, 布朗大学, 纽约大学, 葛底斯堡学院, St. Viator学院(伊利诺斯州), 罗格斯大学, 斯坦福大学, 约翰霍普金斯大学, 达特茅斯学院, 普林斯顿大学和匹兹堡大学. Perhaps the most legendary of these debates occurred in 1928, 当尼尔·斯坎伦, 威廉•基奈, 和约瑟夫·道尔, defeated Harvard in a debate before thousands in Symphony Hall on the question of whether "Alfred E. Smith is eminently qualified as President of the United States." The strength of the Society in this era was evident in 1929-1930, 当 the Fulton won nine consecutive debates before losing in the final debate of the year to the College of the Holy Cross.

This tradition continued into the 1940s as Fultonians traveled throughout Boston and surrounding states staging debate exhibitions. The Fultonians delighted crowds by orating on issues of pressing public concern. Around this time, intercollegiate debate began to evolve to a tournament format. Instead of staging intersquad competitions or debating against a single school, colleges and universities began to invite several opposing institutions from across the country to their campus for weekend tournaments. Teams representing the competing schools debated against each other in a series of preliminary rounds with the outstanding teams advancing into the elimination rounds. This trend culminated, in 1947, with the creation of the National Debate Tournament.

While the Fulton Society was slow to switch to tournament debate, 它在20世纪60年代初开始认真竞争, 当博士. 约翰·亨利·劳顿成为法医学主任. 这些团队中最成功的, 詹姆斯·昂格和约瑟夫·麦克劳克林, 在1964年全国辩论锦标赛中获得第二名. 除了1964年, the Society qualified to attend the national championship in 1962, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975年和1979年. 在80年代早期, 然而, interest in debate diminished and the Fulton began to compete more actively in contest speaking, qualifying for the National Individual 事件 Tournament in 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 和1990年. 在80年代末, debate returned and the Society qualified for the National Debate Tournament from 1987 to 1996.

Editorial Note: This history is abstracted from an "Occasional Paper" written by 牧师. 查尔斯·多诺万，S.J., in 1991. Father was a Fultonian who later rose to become Academic Vice President of 电子游戏软件. Although he lost the 1933 Fulton Prize Debate to Charles M. O'Brien, Father remained a devoted champion of the Society until his death in 1998. 退休后担任学术副校长, Father went on to serve with distinction as University Historian and in this role he authored the definitive history of the Society.